In order to enhance the carbon emission reduction capability and economy of the microgrid, a capacity optimization configuration method considering laddered carbon trading and demand response is proposed for a grid-connected microgrid consisting of photovoltaic, battery and hydrogen. . In order to enhance the carbon emission reduction capability and economy of the microgrid, a capacity optimization configuration method considering laddered carbon trading and demand response is proposed for a grid-connected microgrid consisting of photovoltaic, battery and hydrogen. . Optimizing the configuration and scheduling of grid-forming energy storage is critical to ensure the stable and efficient operation of the microgrid. Therefore, this paper incorporates both the construction and operational costs of energy storage into the objective function. The grid-forming.
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